Аналіз ідентичності з точки зору індивідуалістичної та соціальної психології

Abstract

The article is aimed at disclosing the problem formation and development of identity in the scientific paradigms of individualistic and social psychology. The specifications of phenomenon of identity is described in the theoretical chosen systems. Author’s reflections on the objectification of identity in its true and confused variant is given on the basis of the theoretical analysis. The existence of a large number of concepts of identity is a fundamental part of modern psychological theory. The study of this phenomenon is linked to the development of various schools of thought. This leads to a large number of identity concepts, which provide for different schemas and mechanisms for its formation. On one hand this can give different insights on the topic, on the other hand this terminological confusion can be the cause of the crisis of psychology as a science. Based on the analysis of scientific literature devoted to the study of the processes of identity formation and development, it can be concluded that the main contribution to the study of these issues was made within the framework of individualistic psychology and social psychology. It is generally accepted that the phenomenon of identity is one of the most significant in the functioning of the individual, both individually and socially. The foundations of scientific development of the concept of identity was started by the psychologists of psychoanalytical field. The main theories of this group used basic needs of humans as the source of identity which is viewed as a defense mechanism that serves to protect against the social pressure. However, this group of theories often missed the further interaction of a person’s identity with the surrounding social groups. This aspect of identity development was described by social psychology. They suggested that in addition to personal identity, a person develops a social one, which is formed on the basis of the individual’s entry into different groups. However, this division of identity into the outer and inner part leads to the fact that in the analysis of personality can create pictures that do not give a holistic view of the subject of identity. In this light, we propose a way to objectify identity through its external manifestations (through actions performed by the individual). This approach involves the analysis of identity on the basis of external manifestations of intrinsic qualities and the self-conception postulated by the individual, which helps to separate the true identity from the entangled.